Dengue fever is generally immune to attack people who are declining. Actually, when we are exposed to dengue infection, the body will produce immunity against dengue virus type, the immunity will last a lifetime. Unfortunately, dengue fever is caused by many strains or types of virus, so even though we are immune to one type but we can still suffer from dengue fever from other types of viruses.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever is a fever with a more severe degree. The major difference was not found on dengue fever in patients with bleeding manifestations. In the skin of patients with dengue fever only be a temporary red rash appears on dengue hemorrhagic fever patients will look spot bleeding spots. In addition to bleeding in the skin, patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever may also experience bleeding from the gums, nose, intestines and others. If not treated immediately, dengue fever can cause death.
Which area are easily infected with dengue fever?
Many have contracted dengue fever in the tropics and subtropics. Asia ranks first in number of patients with dengue fever each year. This is probably caused by the rainfall in Asia is very high especially in the east and south Asia coupled with environmental sanitation is not good.
WHO estimates more than 500,000 of 50 million cases of dengue fever requiring hospitalization. More than 40% of world population living in endemic areas of dengue fever.
How is dengue fever spread?
Dengue virus is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito that previously has bitten an infected dengue. Mosquito population will increase rapidly during the rainy season but the mosquito Aedes aegypti can live and breed in the bath water reservoirs throughout the year. One bite of infected mosquitoes have been able to cause dengue disease in healthy individuals.
Transmission of dengue fever can not be directly from human to human but must go through an intermediary mosquito so that we do not have to worry direct contact with patients of dengue fever.
What are the signs and symptoms of dengue fever?
After being bitten mosquitoes carrying the virus, the incubation period will last between 3 to 15 days until the symptoms of dengue fever appear. Symptoms of dengue fever will be preceded by a feeling of chills, headache, pain when moving the eyeball and back pain. Pain in the limbs and joints will occur a few hours since the symptoms of dengue fever began to be felt. Body temperature will rise rapidly reaching 40 degrees Celsius with a normal pulse and blood pressure tends to fall. The eyeball will appear reddish. Redness also appears on the face that will quickly disappear. Glands in the neck and throat swell sometimes participate.
Fever and other symptoms of dengue fever will last for 2 days followed by a rapid drop in temperature accompanied by an increased sweat production. This temperature drop period usually lasts a day, then body temperature will rise again quickly. Currently, all except the patient will be redness on the face.
How is the handling of patients of dengue fever?
Because dengue fever is caused by a virus, there is no specific treatment for this disease including the use of antibiotics. Generally, the treatment of dengue fever is only intended to address the symptoms that occurred (symptomatic). Rest and adequate fluid intake are two things that are very important in patients with dengue fever. Use of aspirin and NSAIDs should be avoided. The use of paracetamol, particularly to address the symptoms of fever and headache occur.
How is the continuation of dengue patients?
Dengue fever will not cause death. Past experience, deaths from dengue fever is less than 1% of all cases. Improvement of the patient will take several weeks.
What about dengue haemorrhagic fever?
Dengue hemorrhagic fever or DHF usually occurs in children under 10 years old. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bleeding, and shock. In case of dengue shock then often called Dengue Shock Syndrome or DSS. Patients with DSS are usually rather difficult to be restored.
DHF starts with high fever and severe headaches. There are symptoms of the respiratory and digestive tract in the form of painful swallowing, coughing, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Shock can occur after 2 to 6 days since the symptoms of dengue appear. Symptoms of shock with decreased body temperature begins suddenly, akral cold, weak pulse, and bluish on the lips.
In DHF, there is bleeding in the soft tissues, bleeding spots on the skin, vomiting blood, blood in the stool, bleeding gums and nosebleeds. In some cases it can happen pneumonia and inflammation of the heart muscle or myocarditis.
Patients with DHF must be monitored closely, especially on the fourth day of onset of symptoms. If there is bluish or cyanotic, the patient should be given oxygen and when there is vascular failure, the patient should be infused. Blood transfusions are needed to control bleeding.
The death rate is very high dengue patients between 3 to 30%. Most deaths occur in young children.
How to prevent dengue fever?
Transmission of the virus through mosquito must be stopped to prevent dengue fever. To do this, the patient must be surrounded by the dengue fever mosquito netting / bed nets until the fever subsided.
Dengue fever prevention requires control or eradication of mosquitoes carrying the virus. Do 3 M (Draining, Closing and Hoarding) places where mosquitoes like to breed. The role of government is needed as a motivator in addition to the role of society as executor.
Until now there is no vaccine for dengue fever fit, so only terpadulah prevention can be done.
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